{"id":1001,"date":"2023-10-27T23:52:22","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T21:52:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nosrevolutions.fr\/?p=1001"},"modified":"2025-05-21T16:45:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T14:45:38","slug":"centenaire-du-traite-de-lausanne-1923-un-passe-omnipresent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nosrevolutions.fr\/en\/2023\/10\/27\/centenaire-du-traite-de-lausanne-1923-un-passe-omnipresent\/","title":{"rendered":"Centenaire du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne (1923)\u00a0: un pass\u00e9 omnipr\u00e9sent"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Le 24 juillet 2023, les autorit\u00e9s turques ont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 le centenaire du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne qui a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 la Turquie contemporaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette ratification se situait d\u2019abord dans un contexte de d\u00e9clin de l\u2019Empire ottoman d\u00e8s la fin du xixe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, puis dans celui de la d\u00e9faite de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale qui aboutissait au traumatisant trait\u00e9 de S\u00e8vres notamment pour ceux qui s\u2019inscrivaient dans le sillage du comit\u00e9 \u00ab Union et Progr\u00e8s \u00bb. Ce dernier, fond\u00e9 en 1889 et rassemblant les \u00ab Jeunes-Turcs \u00bb, a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 au pouvoir en 1908 et pr\u00e9tendait endiguer le d\u00e9p\u00e9rissement de l\u2019empire en d\u00e9veloppant une id\u00e9ologie ultra-nationaliste, darwinienne, turciste et teint\u00e9e d\u2019islamisme, ne laissant plus de place aux autres composantes ethniques et confessionnelles de la Turquie. Elle ent\u00e9rinait une pr\u00e9tendue sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 des turco-sunnites sur tous les autres peuples de l\u2019empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moins affaibli apr\u00e8s-guerre qu\u2019il n\u2019y paraissait, le comit\u00e9 \u00ab Union et Progr\u00e8s \u00bb prit sa revanche lors du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne, dans le sillage des victoires de l\u2019un des leurs, Mustapha Kemal qui accentua l\u2019autoritarisme et le supr\u00e9macisme de cette id\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien avant Lausanne, les Arm\u00e9niens, les Assyro-Chald\u00e9ens, les Grecs, les Juifs et les Arabes furent arrach\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs terres et victimes d\u2019une politique de terreur, et d\u2019un g\u00e9nocide pour les premiers. Apr\u00e8s Lausanne, leurs droits furent syst\u00e9matiquement viol\u00e9s si bien que ces minorit\u00e9s ont quasiment disparu de la Turquie moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces cent ann\u00e9es d\u2019injustices ont frapp\u00e9 aussi le peuple kurde qui repr\u00e9sente encore aujourd\u2019hui pr\u00e8s de 25 % de la population et pour qui Lausanne associait une d\u00e9chirure \u00e0 une m\u00e9moire meurtrie puisque le trait\u00e9 de S\u00e8vres avait act\u00e9 la revendication d\u2019un Kurdistan ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk (1881-1938), sous le pr\u00e9texte de cr\u00e9er un pays homog\u00e8ne, a r\u00e9serv\u00e9 la citoyennet\u00e9 aux turcophones sunnites permettant aux Kurdes et aux Al\u00e9vis d\u2019y acc\u00e9der s\u2019ils renon\u00e7aient \u00e0 leur singularit\u00e9 nationale, \u00e0 leurs droits, \u00e0 leur culture et \u00e0 leur langue d\u00e9sormais interdites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans ce terreau se sont enracin\u00e9s les revendications et le mouvement national kurdes violemment et syst\u00e9matiquement r\u00e9prim\u00e9s dans l\u2019horreur et le sang. D\u00e9butait alors la p\u00e9riode la plus sombre de l\u2019histoire de ce peuple mill\u00e9naire. Au r\u00e9gime d\u2019exception s\u2019ajoutaient les massacres, les d\u00e9portations et les \u00e9purations ethniques. Un si\u00e8cle de pers\u00e9cutions et de racisme a produit d\u2019innombrables souffrances pour les civils et fait des dizaines de milliers de victimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9action \u00e0 ces humiliations et aux menaces de disparition, Abdullah \u00d6calan, emprisonn\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019isolement depuis 1999, et Sakine Cansiz, assassin\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris en 2013, ont fond\u00e9 en 1978 le Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) qui, par sa lutte politique et arm\u00e9e, a incarn\u00e9 la r\u00e9sistance du peuple kurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 la suite du coup d\u2019\u00c9tat militaire de septembre 1980, une nouvelle vague de r\u00e9pression f\u00e9roce s\u2019est abattue sur les Kurdes : assassinats, destruction de villages, assimilation forc\u00e9e faisant de nouveau des milliers de morts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conscients qu\u2019il n\u2019existe aucune solution militaire \u00e0 ce conflit, A. \u00d6calan et les Kurdes ont appel\u00e9 de leurs v\u0153ux en 2013 la reprise du dialogue afin d\u2019entamer un processus politique. Corr\u00e9lativement, ils proposent un projet d\u2019\u00e9cologie sociale, un conf\u00e9d\u00e9ralisme d\u00e9mocratique et font de l\u2019\u00e9mancipation des femmes une question centrale.<\/s><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019accession de R.T. Erdogan (AKP, parti islamiste appartenant \u00e0 la n\u00e9buleuse des Fr\u00e8res musulmans) \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence de la R\u00e9publique a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par une br\u00e8ve p\u00e9riode de n\u00e9gociations avec le PKK, rompues en 2015 apr\u00e8s que les islamo-conservateurs ont perdu la majorit\u00e9 absolue lors du scrutin l\u00e9gislatif. D\u00e9sormais alli\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame-droite mafieuse, R.T. Erdogan a relanc\u00e9 la guerre contre les Kurdes et criminalis\u00e9 le mouvement, ce qui constitue une immense injustice et entrave la recherche de solutions pacifiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les maires et les parlementaires kurdes du Parti d\u00e9mocratique des peuples de Turquie (HDP) ont quasiment tous \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leur fonction et emprisonn\u00e9s. Plus largement une r\u00e9pression aveugle frappe tous les milieux progressistes : universitaires, journalistes, artistes, enseignants, avocats et syndicalistes. La presse et la justice sont sous tutelle et l\u2019\u00c9tat de droit a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mantel\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e9\u00e9lection en 2023 de R.T. Erdogan, dans un contexte in\u00e9quitable, de polarisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et de violence structurelle asphyxie les alternatives d\u00e9mocratiques. Pour autant, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la question de la survie du r\u00e9gime a \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e m\u00eame si une faible majorit\u00e9 de Turcs a fait le choix d\u2019une aggravation de l\u2019autoritarisme plut\u00f4t que de miser sur une alternance politique hypoth\u00e9tique. Cela n\u2019emp\u00eache pas le HDP de conserver un ancrage populaire et d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour autant, les Kurdes r\u00e9sistent, se sont impos\u00e9s dans leur espace r\u00e9gional et demeurent aux avant-postes de la lutte contre l\u2019Organisation de l\u2019\u00c9tat Islamique, for\u00e7ant l\u2019admiration de tous pour leur courage. Ils doivent faire face \u00e0 la politique belliciste de R.T. Erdogan qui, avec l\u2019appui de groupes djihadistes, bombarde le nord de l\u2019Irak mena\u00e7ant le statut f\u00e9d\u00e9ral du Kurdistan de ce pays et multiplie les provocations afin de d\u00e9truire l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u00e9mocratique du Rojava en Syrie. Cela s\u2019inscrit dans une politique agressive de projections militaires criminelles dans le Haut-Karabakh puisque la Turquie est le principal soutien de l\u2019Azerba\u00efdjan. Il en va de m\u00eame \u00e0 Chypre, en Libye ou en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, le trait\u00e9 de Lausanne a d\u00e9truit la paix pendant un si\u00e8cle et a d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion. Les puissances occidentales, notamment la France et la Grande-Bretagne, portent une lourde responsabilit\u00e9 dans cette situation. Il en va ainsi du Kurdistan, de la Palestine et de tout le Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R.T. Erdogan veut d\u00e9sormais \u00eatre le thurif\u00e9raire d\u2019un panturquisme camp\u00e9 sur des bases ethno-confessionnelles toujours plus nationalistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La non-r\u00e9solution de la question kurde est le premier obstacle \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratisation de la Turquie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le peuple kurde veut la paix, la justice et un statut qui va de pair avec la libert\u00e9 et la justice. Il n\u2019y a pas renonc\u00e9 et n\u2019y renoncera jamais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Image d’illustration : La d\u00e9l\u00e9gation turque \u00e0 Lausanne, Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection<\/a> (PDM 1.0<\/a>)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 24 juillet 2023, les autorit\u00e9s turques ont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 le centenaire du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne qui a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 la Turquie contemporaine. Cette ratification se situait d\u2019abord dans un contexte de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":1002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[15],"class_list":["post-1001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-international"],"yoast_head":"\nCentenaire du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne (1923)\u00a0: un pass\u00e9 omnipr\u00e9sent - Nos R\u00e9volutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nosrevolutions.fr\/en\/2023\/10\/27\/centenaire-du-traite-de-lausanne-1923-un-passe-omnipresent\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Centenaire du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne (1923)\u00a0: un pass\u00e9 omnipr\u00e9sent - Nos R\u00e9volutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 24 juillet 2023, les autorit\u00e9s turques ont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 le centenaire du trait\u00e9 de Lausanne qui a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 la Turquie contemporaine. 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